golden age

7. Kingdom of Gowa and Tallo

a. Position Kingdom

Kingdom of Gowa and Tallo better known as the Kingdom of Makassar. Kingdom is located in South Sulawesi. Geographically, South Sulawesi have an important position, because it close to the shipping line trading archipelago. Even the area became the center port of the traders, both originating from the eastern part of Indonesia and the traders who came from the western part of the Indonesian region. With the situation such as this lead to the Kingdom grew to large and powerful kingdom on the archipelago routes of trade.

b. Political life

Growth is the Kingdom of the kings who once ruled as:

King Alauddin.

In the century to the 17-M, Islam is growing rapidly in South Sulawesi. The first king who embrace Islam named King Alaudin who ruled from the year 1591-1538 M. Under his reign, the Kingdom of makassar start of shipping in world-trade (the marine). This development was the increasing prosperity of the people of the kingdom. But after his death King Alaudidin, state government kingdom can not be known with certainty.

Sultan Hasanuddin.

During the government of Sultan Hasanuddin, Makassar kingdom reached the glorious. In a relatively short time, the Kingdom has succeeded in the almost entire region of South Sulawesi. Ideals of Sultan Hasanuddin full path to the archipelago of trade, to encourage expansion kekeuasaannya Nusa Tenggara archipelago, as some of Flores and Sumbawa. Thus, all activities of sea trade through the Flores Sea must first stop in the capital of the Kingdom of Makassar.
Such circumstances be gazed at by the Dutch who have the power in the center of Ambon Maluku. Relations with South Batavia obstructed by power of the Kingdom of Makassar. Conflict between the Netherlands and often lead to war. Sultan Hasanuddin courage to lead troops to the kingdom of Makassar memporak-porandakan Dutch troops in Maluku, causing the push. Top his courage, Dutch surname to Sultan Hasanuddin "Cock from the East."
In efforts to control the Kingdom of Makassar, the Netherlands for a relationship with the kingdom of Bone, with major tourist Palaka king. With the help of major tourist Palaka, Dutch troops succeeded in pushing the Kingdom of Makassar and the capital of the kingdom. Finally resumed with the Agreement Bongaya (1667 M).

Mapasomba.

After Sultan Hasanuddin down the throne, he was succeeded by her son called Mapasomba. Sultan Hasanuddin Mapasomba really hope that can work together with the Netherlands. The goal that the Kingdom can still survive. In fact Mapasomba far more from his father so hard Dutch troops mobilize a massive Mapasomba to face. Mapasomba troops successfully destroyed and it is unknown fate. With the victory, the Dutch power over the kingdom of Makassar.
(Figure 1:37 Pelabuhan Makassar meurut painting Valenty. A place that serves the port of traders, both from Indonesia and other countries around the century to the M-17).



4. Kingdom of Ternate and Tidore

a. Position Kingdom

Geographically, the Kingdom of Ternate and Tidore have a situation that is very important in world trade at that time. The two kingdoms are located in the Maluku Islands.
At that time, the Maluku Islands is the largest produce of spice, so named as "the Spice Island." Spices become the main commodity in the world shipping trade at the time, so that each trader and the nations that came to the East aims to find the source of spices. Therefore, muncullah desire to control the spice.
Circumstances such as this, have affected aspects of community life, both in the areas of political, economic, social, and cultural.

b. Political life

In Maluku island there are many small kingdoms, among them the kingdom of Ternate as leader Uli Lima, the alliance of five brothers with the area includes the islands Ternate, Obi, Bacan, Seram, and Ambon. Meanwhile, the Kingdom of Tidore lead Uli Siwa, which means nine brothers alliance with the region covering the islands Makayan, or Jahilolo Halmahera, the islands and between the region up to the West Irian.
When nations go to Maluku Portuguese, Portuguese side and help direct Ternate in the year 1521. This is because the Portuguese think Ternate stronger. Similarly, the Spanish nation when it comes directly in Maluku Tidore help. There perselidihan between the two white areas are du Maluku. To complete the dispute keduan nation. Pope's hands down and determine the border region east of the Agreement through Saragosa. Saragosa in the Agreement stated that Spain must leave bengsa Maluku and moved to the Philippines, the Portuguese remain the areas in Maluku.
(Figure 1:38 Estimated area of power and the kingdom of Ternate Tidore).

Sultan Hairun.

To be able to strengthen the position in Maluku, the Portuguese established a fort called Santo Paulo. However, the longer action be detested by the Portuguese people and even by the official Kingdom of Ternate. Sultan Hairun, penguas Ternate, growing hate (anti) see the actions and gestures Portuguese nation. Therefore, the Sultan Hairun against overt political monopoly of the Portuguese nation.

Sultan Baabullah.

With the death of Sultan Hairun, Maluku people under the leadership of Sultan Baabullah (son of Sultan Hairun), rise up against the Portuguese. Year 1575 M, Portuguese and can be defeated given the opportunity to leave the fort.
In the year 1578 M, the Portuguese also want to establish a stronghold in the South, but not long after the people moved to the Portuguese East Timor and in power there until 1976. After 1976 the territory of East Timor integrated into the region of the Republic of Indonesia until 1999. However, after the impressions of 1999, the people of East Timor chose independence.

period of time

4 Kutai (centuries to M-4)
5 Tarumanegara (century-5 M)
6 Holing (century-6M)
Malacca (century-6-7 M)

7 Sriwijaya (centuries to 7-14-M)
8 Sailendra (8th century-9 M)
Mataram (century-8-10 M)

10 Pajajaran (century-10-14 M)
Bali (10 th century-14-M)
Madang Kamulan (century-10-11 M)

11 Janggala (century-11-12 M)
Kediri (century-11-13 M)
Ocean Pasai (1128-1414 M)

Sriwijaya 13 (13th century M)
Majapahit (13th century-16 M)

14 Malacca (1405-1511 M)
15 Demak (1500-1546 M)
Aceh (1514-1675 M)
Pajang (1552-1692 M)
Mataram (1575-1755 M)
Makassar (1591-1667 M)

16 Tidore Ternate (16